Beth Ann Rosica’s writings are a blend of news, opinion, and analysis.   

As America approaches the 250th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, we have an opportunity to reflect honestly on both our greatest triumphs and our deepest failures. The story of our nation is not one of perfection but of constant striving — a people willing to confront injustice, debate difficult truths, and work toward the promise that “all men are created equal.” 

No chapter better illustrates that uniquely American pursuit of a more perfect union than the struggle to end slavery. As we prepare to celebrate our semiquincentennial, Juneteenth serves as a powerful reminder that the ideals proclaimed in 1776 were not fully realized until generations of courageous Americans fought, sacrificed, and even gave their lives to extend the gift of liberty to all. 

The institution of slavery and the war to end it is unarguably the worst period in our country’s history. Slavery was evil, morally reprehensible, yet it persisted well after our nation’s birth. It took the bloodiest war in our history to finally abolish slavery.

And that is why Juneteenth represents the best of American ideals. Our nation is not perfect, nor will it ever be; however, when faced with unjust laws and practices, our constitution provides a path for remedy and our citizenry stands up and speaks out.

Juneteenth commemorates the end of slavery in confederate states as ordered by Abraham Lincoln in the Emancipation Proclamation “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free.” 

Even though the proclamation was signed on January 1, 1863, many slaves in the deep south were not actually free until 1865. Slavery was not fully abolished in all states until December 1865 with the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.

Juneteenth is a reference to June 19, 1865, when Union troops arrived in western Texas and announced that more than 250,000 enslaved black people in the state were free. The newly freed citizens named the day, Juneteenth. For many African-Americans, Juneteenth is at least equally if not more important than the 4th of July as their ancestors were not true citizens until emancipation.

While the reasons for the Civil War were complex, the issue of slavery was a major factor. It divided the North and the South, eventually leading to some Southern states seceding from the Union. The Civil War was the deadliest war in our nation’s history where 600,000 Americans lost their lives — that is more than the American casualties in World War one and two combined.

Yet, in the end, the morally right and just principle won, and slavery was abolished.

The win came at a great loss for both individuals and our nation, but our country showed its true colors and ultimately prevailed by ending slavery.

People can argue that it took too long to abolish slavery or that too many lives were lost in the process, and they are not wrong. Slavery should have been ended sooner. It existed in European countries dating back to the Greeks and continued until the mid 1800’s. It took the United States 89 years to eradicate slavery.

And while our history would be less tainted and painful had we ended slavery at the time of our country’s birth, it is important to recognize and celebrate the fact that ultimately freedom prevailed. 

Without the constitution and its remedies, slavery in its many forms may never have ended or lasted even longer. There are currently people across the world still enslaved today.

To celebrate Juneteenth is to celebrate the slaves who continued to hope during their darkest hours and those who fought mightily to overcome and end bondage.

One such hero is Frederick Douglass, a slave who escaped to the North to become a free man. “I prayed for twenty years but received no answer until I prayed with my legs.”

Douglass — who Dr. James Trotman, a former college professor of mine, suggested that we remember how to spell his last name with two s’s because he was a “badass” — had the good fortune of learning to read and write as a slave before he successfully escaped to the North.

Once there, he made it his mission to advocate for the end slavery to grant freedom to all.

In one of his landmark speeches at the annual Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society meeting held in April 1865, Douglass spoke eloquently and passionately.

Entitled What the Black Man Wants, Douglass detailed his position. “What I ask for the Negro is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.”

He further elaborated that black people wanted freedom and to be left alone. “Everybody has asked the question, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, ‘What shall we do with the Negro?’ I have had but one answer from the beginning. Do nothing with us! Your doing with us has already played the mischief with us.”

The fact that it took our great nation 89 years to grant freedom to slaves likely provided little solace for those enslaved or those who lost their life fighting for it. Yet, the descendants of both slaves and soldiers — and all Americans — have benefited greatly from their courage, conviction, and hope.

As Douglass said, “without a struggle, there can be no progress.”

The struggle is a great American tradition and ideal, and Juneteenth represents the best and worst of that tradition.

Our country today remains imperfect, but our history and constitution give us hope to strive for a “more perfect union.” 

This year on Juneteenth as we prepare to commemorate our nation’s 250th birthday, let’s celebrate all those known and unknown heroes who spoke out about the evils of slavery and those who fought and lost their lives to end it. Our nation is not perfect, but it is more perfect than any other country in the world.

Beth Ann Rosica resides in West Chester, has a Ph.D. in Education, and has dedicated her career to advocating on behalf of at-risk children and families. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from West Chester University and studied African-American literature under Dr. James Trotman, founding director of the Frederick Douglass Institute. She covers education issues for Broad + Liberty. Contact her at [email protected].